Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat various problems inside the shoulder joint. This procedure involves the use of a small camera, called an arthroscope, which is inserted into the shoulder joint through a small incision. The arthroscope allows surgeons to view the inside of the joint on a video monitor and perform necessary treatments with specialised instruments.
Due to its minimally invasive nature, shoulder arthroscopy offers several advantages over traditional open surgery. These advantages include smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, and faster recovery times. Shoulder arthroscopy is commonly used to treat conditions such as rotator cuff tears, labral tears, shoulder impingement syndrome, and shoulder instability.
Shoulder arthroscopy involves a series of steps to diagnose and treat various shoulder joint issues. Under general anaesthesia, small incisions are made around the shoulder through which an arthroscope is inserted. This device transmits real-time images of the joint to a monitor, allowing surgeons to assess and address specific problems using specialised instruments through additional small incisions.
The procedure serves multiple purposes:
1. To Repair Rotator Cuff Tears: Arthroscopy allows surgeons to reattach torn rotator cuff tendons to the bone, restoring shoulder strength and function.
2. To Relieve Shoulder Impingements: By removing inflamed tissue (bursitis) and bone spurs, arthroscopy alleviates pressure on the rotator cuff tendons, improving shoulder function.
3. To Address Shoulder Instability: This involves re-attaching the torn labrum (cartilage) to the edge of the shoulder socket as well as tightening stretched ligaments. The aim of this procedure is to stop the shoulder from dislocating.
4. To Manage AC Joint Arthritis: In cases of arthritis, arthroscopic procedures clean the joint and remove damaged tissue (e.g. the arthritic end of your collar bone in AC joint arthritis), easing pain and enhancing shoulder mobility.
Shoulder arthroscopy is typically recommended for patients who have not responded to non-surgical treatments, benefiting athletes, individuals with shoulder injuries, and those with chronic shoulder conditions impacting daily activities.
As with any surgical procedure, shoulder arthroscopy carries certain risks. While complications are relatively rare, it is essential for patients to be aware of potential risks, which include:
It is important for patients to discuss these risks with their surgeon and understand the potential complications before undergoing shoulder arthroscopy.
Initial Recovery
Recovery from shoulder arthroscopy generally involves a combination of rest, physiotherapy, and gradual return to normal activities. Immediately after the surgery, patients may experience some pain and swelling, which can be managed with prescribed pain medications and ice packs. The arm is usually immobilised in a sling to protect the shoulder and allow for initial healing.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is a crucial component of the recovery process. A physiotherapist will design a rehabilitation program tailored to the patient’s specific condition and surgery. The program typically includes exercises to restore range of motion, strengthen the shoulder muscles, and improve overall shoulder function. Patients are encouraged to follow their physiotherapy regimen diligently to achieve the best possible outcome.
Return to Normal Activities
The timeline for returning to normal activities varies depending on the specific procedure performed and the individual’s progress in rehabilitation. In general, patients can expect to return to light activities, such as desk work, within a few weeks after surgery. However, more strenuous activities, including sports and heavy lifting, may require several months of rehabilitation before they can be safely resumed.
Long-Term Outlook
The long-term outlook for patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy is generally positive. Most patients experience significant improvement in shoulder pain and function following the procedure. However, the success of the surgery largely depends on the extent of the initial shoulder condition, the patient’s adherence to postoperative care and the rehabilitation program.
These notes have been prepared by orthopaedic surgeons at OrthoSport Victoria. They are general overviews and information aimed for use by their specific patients and reflects their views, opinions and recommendations. This does not constitute medical advice. The contents are provided for information and education purposes only and not for the purpose of rendering medical advice. Please seek the advice of your specific surgeon or other health care provider with any questions regarding medical conditions and treatment.
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