Ganglion cysts in the hand and wrist are the most common types of lumps found in these areas. These cysts are non-cancerous meaning they do not turn into cancer. Ganglion cysts are filled with a jelly-like fluid and can range from soft to firm or even hard.
These cysts can develop without a known cause, though they are sometimes linked to an injury. While ganglion cysts often cause no symptoms, they can be painful if they press against surrounding structures, particularly during physical activities or extreme motion.
While the exact cause of ganglion cysts remains unclear, they can develop after an injury to the hand or wrist. The cyst forms when fluid accumulates around the joints or tendons, leading to a visible lump. Repetitive use of the wrist or hand, as seen in activities like typing or sports, can also increase the likelihood of developing a ganglion cyst. These cysts are more common in women than in men.
Common symptoms of ganglion cysts in the hand and wrist include:
It’s important to seek treatment if the ganglion cyst causes pain, affects movement, or limits your ability to perform daily activities.
The hand and wrist are complex structures consisting of numerous bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments that enable a wide range of motion and dexterity. The wrist alone has eight small bones called carpal bones, which connect the forearm to the hand and are supported by a network of ligaments. Ganglion cysts most commonly form near joints or along tendon sheaths, as these areas contain synovial fluid—a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between moving structures.
Each of these cysts is filled with synovial fluid, which becomes trapped, forming a lump due to either joint or tendon irritation, injury, or unknown factors.
Diagnosis of a ganglion cyst is typically made based on its location and symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis, your healthcare provider may recommend X-rays, MRIs or Ultrasounds.
Non-surgical treatment for ganglion cysts is often suitable for cysts that do not cause significant discomfort. Common non-surgical options include:
When non-surgical treatments are ineffective or the ganglion cyst returns, surgical removal may be necessary. The main reasons to remove ganglion cysts are for pain, dysfunction and for cosmetic reasons. The two main surgical options include:
Post-surgery care involves rest and possibly wearing a splint or brace to protect the wrist or hand. Most people can return to normal activities within a few weeks, although full recovery may take several months.
Historically, ganglion cysts were treated by popping them with a heavy book—often called the “Bible treatment.” This is no longer recommended due to the risk of injury.
These notes from OrthoSport Victoria are for educational purposes only and are not to be used as medical advice. Please seek the advice of your specific surgeon or other health care provider with any questions regarding medical conditions and treatment.
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